• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    PERFECTED EFPI SENSOR. The present invention relates to an apparatus for estimating a property, the apparatus comprising: a hollow-core tube having a first opening and a second opening; a first optical waveguide disposed within the first opening; and a second optical waveguide disposed within the second opening and spaced at a distance from the first optical waveguide, the distance being related to the property; wherein a portion of at least one of the optical waveguides within the tube is perimetrically insulated from the tube.
    公开号:BR112012017142B1
    申请号:R112012017142-9
    申请日:2010-12-23
    公开日:2020-11-10
    发明作者:Daniel Homa；Robert Harman；Brooks Childers；Alexander Barry；Brian Lucas
    申请人:Baker Hughes Incorporated；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    REMISSIVE REFERENCE TO RELATED ORDERS AND PRIORITY CLAIM
    [001] This application claims the benefit of 35 USC § 119 (e) of Provisional Patent Application Serial No. US 61 / 294.240, entitled "IMPROVED EFPI SENSOR", filed on January 12, 2010, which is incorporated therein in entirely as a reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
    [002] The present invention relates to an improved Fabry-Perot Extrinsic Interferometer (EFPI) sensor. More particularly, the EFPI sensor is configured to be arranged in a well that penetrates the ground. 2. Description of the Related Art
    [003] In hydrocarbon exploration and production, it is often necessary to drill a well in the ground to have access to hydrocarbons. Equipment and structures, such as well casings, for example, are generally arranged within a well as part of exploration and production. Unfortunately, the environment presented at the bottom of the well, can place extreme demands on the equipment and structures arranged in it. For example, equipment and structures can be exposed to high temperatures and pressures that can affect their operation and longevity.
    [004] Because optical fibers can withstand the harsh rock bottom environment, sensors that use optical fibers are often selected for rock bottom applications. One type of sensor that uses optical fibers is the Fabry-Perot Extrinsic Interferometer (EFPI) sensor. The EFPI sensor can measure pressure or temperature, for example, by measuring the displacement of an optical fiber in relation to the other optical fiber.
    [005] A prior art EFPI 10 sensor is illustrated in figure 1. The EFPI 10 sensor includes a hollow core fiber 11. Arranged within the hollow core fiber 11 at one end, there is a single mode optical fiber 12 Arranged at the other end of the hollow core fiber 11, there is a multi-mode optical fiber 13. A Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity is formed between the ends of the optical fibers 12 and 13 within the hollow core tube 11. The single-mode optical fiber 11 provides incoming light to the FP cavity and receives light reflections from the FP cavity. The multi-mode optical fiber 13 acts as a reflector. The hollow core tube 11 is configured to guide the optical fibers 12 and 13 from one to the other while maintaining alignment.
    [006] With respect to figure 1, the incoming light enters the optical fiber in a unique way 12 and is partially reflected by a first glass-to-air interface 14 to produce the first reflected outgoing light 15. The incoming light not reflected by the first glass to air interface 14 travels through the FP cavity and is reflected by a second glass to air interface 16 to produce a second reflected output light 17. The first reflection output light 15 interferes with the second light reflection output 17 to create an interference pattern or interferogram that depends on the difference in the lengths of the optical path carried by the reflection output lights 15 and 17. The intensity of the total output light due to the interference pattern, is related to the difference between the two optical paths.
    [007] To maintain proper alignment between the first glass-to-air interface 14 and the second glass-to-air interface 16, the prior art EFPI sensor 10 is manufactured with a restricted tolerance between the outer diameter of the optical fibers 12 and 13 and the inner diameter of the hollow core tube 11. Tolerance is generally less than three microns. Unfortunately, restricted tolerance can cause friction, which in turn causes hysteresis in the response curve of the prior art EFPI sensor 10.
    [008] Thus, what is needed are techniques to reduce or eliminate hysteresis in the EFPI sensors. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [009] An apparatus for estimating a property is presented, the apparatus includes: a hollow core tube that has a first opening and a second opening; a first optical waveguide disposed within the first opening; and a second optical waveguide disposed within the second opening and spaced at a distance from the first optical waveguide, the distance being related to the property, with a portion of at least one optical waveguide within the tube is insulated from the tube perimeter.
    [0010] A system for estimating property is also presented, the system includes: a hollow core tube that has a first opening and a second opening; a first optical waveguide disposed within the first opening; and a second optical waveguide disposed within the second opening and spaced at a distance from the first optical waveguide, the distance being related to the property, a portion of at least one of the optical waveguides within the tube being isolated from the perimeter of the tube; a light source in optical communication with the first optical waveguide and configured to transmit an incoming light signal; and a light detector in optical communication with the first optical waveguide and configured to detect light reflections from the incoming light signal in which the light reflections are related to distance.
    [0011] Additionally, a method for estimating property is presented, the method includes: the use of a Fabry-Perot Extrinsic Interferometer sensor, the sensor having a hollow core tube that comprises a first opening and a second opening; a first optical waveguide disposed within the first opening; a second optical waveguide disposed within the second opening and spaced at a distance from the first optical waveguide, the distance being related to the property, a portion of at least one of the optical waveguides within the tube being perimeter isolated from the tube; transmitting an incoming light to the first optical fiber; and detection of incoming light reflections; and estimate the property of reflexes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0012] The matter, which is referred to as the invention, is evidenced in a particular way and claimed distinctly in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention are clear from the detailed description that follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, where elements are numbered accordingly, in which:
    [0013] Figure 1 illustrates a previous EFPI sensor;
    [0014] Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary modality of an EFPI sensor system with the sensor arranged in a well that penetrates the soil;
    [0015] Figure 3 shows aspects of an EFPI sensor that has an optical fiber with a taper;
    [0016] Figure 4 shows aspects of an EFPI sensor that has optical fibers, each with a reduced diameter and supported by support tubes; and
    [0017] Figure 5 presents an example method to estimate a property using the EFPI sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0018] Exemplary modalities are presented for the production of a Fabry-Perot Extrinsic Interferometer (EFPI) sensor that has a response curve with little or no hysteresis. The hysteresis reduction results from the elimination of friction between at least one of the optical waveguides (for example, optical fibers) disposed in a hollow core tube. Without hysteresis, the response curve can be substantially linear in one embodiment.
    [0019] Referring now to figure 2. Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary modality of an EFPI 20 sensor system. The EFPI 20 sensor system includes an EFPI 21 sensor configured to be arranged in a well 2 that penetrates soil 3. Being configured for operation in well 2 includes being operable at high temperatures and pressures found at the bottom of the well.
    [0020] Still referring to figure 2, the EFPI 21 sensor is coupled optoelectronics by means of an optical fiber of communication 22. In an alternative modality, some or all optoelectronics can be arranged at the bottom of the well. Surface optoelectronics include a light source 23, such as a laser diode, a light detector 24. Light source 23 is configured to transmit incoming light to the EFPI 21 sensor while light detector 24 is configured to couple light source 23 and detector 24 to fiber optic communication 22. A computer processing system 26 can be coupled to light source 23 and light detector 24 and configured to operate an EFPI 20 sensor system. , the computer processing system 26 can process interference patterns generated by the light reflections of the EFPI 21 sensor to estimate the property being measured.
    [0021] Referring now to figure 3. Figure 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the EFPI 21 sensor. The EFPI 21 sensor includes a hollow-core tube 30 (like a hollow-core optical fiber) with two openings, a first opening 31 and a second opening 32. Arranged in the first opening 31, there is a first optical waveguide 33, which is generally a single-mode fiber. The incoming light from a light source 23 is transmitted to the first optical waveguide 33 by means of an optical communication fiber 22. The first optical waveguide 33 is connected or fixed to the entry point of the first opening. The connection can be a fused connection (ie, welded) or an adhesive connection (ie, epoxy). Arranged in the second opening 32, there is a second optical waveguide 34, the first optical waveguide 33 and the second optical waveguide 34 that form a Fabry-Perot cavity. The second optical waveguide 34 is configured to reflect the light that passes through the end of the optical waveguide 33. In the embodiment of figure 3, the waveguides 33 and 34 are optical fibers and are thus referred to as the first optical fiber 33 and the second optical fiber 34, respectively.
    [0022] A first portion 37 of the incoming light is reflected to a first gas-glass interface 35 at the end of the first optical fiber 33. A second portion 38 of the incoming light that passes through the first gas-glass interface 35 is reflected by a second gas-glass interface 36 at the end of the second optical fiber 34. Thus, the first portion 37 of the reflected light and the second portion 38 of the reflected light form an interference or interferogram pattern that is related to the distance between the first gas interface -glass 35 and the second gas-glass interface 36. In one embodiment, the gas between interfaces 35 and 36 is air. In other embodiments, the gas may, in general, be an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen. In yet another embodiment, a vacuum can be used in place of the gas.
    [0023] The hollow core tube 30, the first optical fiber 33 and the second optical fiber 34 shown in figure 3 have circular cross sections. In alternative modalities, the cross sections of any of these components can take other forms.
    [0024] The light detector 24 is configured to receive the interference pattern, which can also be referred to as a fringe pattern. The computer processing system 26 is configured to determine the distance D between the two gas-glass interfaces and relate this distance to the property being estimated. The property can be any physical condition that causes the hollow core tube 30 to expand and / or contract, thereby causing the distance between the first gas-glass interface 35 and the second gas-glass to change in relation to the expansion / contraction of the tube 30. Non-limiting examples of the property include pressure, temperature, tension, displacement and, acceleration, or force. Property estimates can be relative with respect to other measures of ownership or absolute with respect to the standard.
    [0025] Still referring to figure 3, the gas-glass interfaces of the first optical fiber 33 and the second optical fiber 34 are substantially in alignment so that the geometric axes of the hollow core tube 30 and the optical fibers 33 and 34 are substantially the same and the gas-glass interfaces are in planes perpendicular to the longitudinal geometric axes. Hence, when in alignment, the end faces of the gas-glass interfaces are substantially parallel to each other to provide adequate visibility of the fringe pattern, which in turn provides more accurate measurements.
    [0026] In one embodiment, the optical fiber of communication 22 is the same as the first optical fiber 33. Alternatively, a continuous optical fiber can be formed by the fusion of the optical fiber of communication to the first optical fiber 33.
    [0027] Still referring to figure 3, the end of the first optical fiber 33 and the second optical fiber 34 inside the hollow core tube 30 is narrowed to avoid contact between each of the optical fibers 33 34 and the hollow core tube 30 The narrowed ends are isolated (ie, not in contact with) from the inner surface of the hollow core tube 30 by 360 degrees around the longitudinal geometric axis of each of the optical fibers 33 and 34. This means that the optical fibers 33 and 34 are not in contact with the hollow core tube 21 by the circumference or perimeter of each of the optical fibers 33 and 34. Hence, the optical fibers 33 and 34 in figure 3 can be described as "perimeter" ( with regard to perimeter) insulated from the hollow core tube 30 within the hollow core tube 30. A perimeter-insulated fiber or waveguide does not come into contact with the hollow core tube 30 by 360 around the perimeter cross section of the waveguide or fiber inside tube 30. In one embodiment, a solution of hydrofluoric acid can be used to cauterize optical fibers 33 and 34 to produce the narrowing.
    [0028] Another advantage of having narrowing of the optical fibers 33 and 34 is that the portion of each fiber with a larger outer diameter, provides a larger area to fuse the other optical fiber as optical fiber of communication 22. The larger area allows a fusion more accurate with proper alignment.
    [0029] Reference can now be taken to figure 4. Figure 4 shows aspects of another modality of the EFPI 21 sensor. In the embodiment of figure 4, the outer diameter of each of the first optical fiber 33 and second optical fiber 34 is significantly , smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow core tube 30. In addition, the outer diameter is selected to be small enough so that any expected debris or contamination particles do not squeeze between the inside of the hollow core tube and the outside optical fibers 33 and / or 34. Hence, optical fibers 33 and 34 in the embodiment of figure 4 can be described as being perimetrically isolated from the hollow core tube 30.
    [0030] The embodiment of figure 4 includes a first support tube 41 in which the first optical fiber 33 is arranged and a second support tube 42 in which the second optical fiber 34 is arranged. The support tubes 41 and 42 provide support and shim the first optical fiber 33 and the second optical fiber 34 in alignment, respectively. In general, the first optical fiber 33 is connected to the first support tube 41 and the first support tube 41 is connected to the hollow core tube 30 at various connection points, where connections include fusion, adhesives, or other types of connections . The second optical fiber 34 is similarly connected. The dimensions of the various components shown in Figure 4 are selected to provide rigidity to the peripherally isolated portions of the first optical fiber 33 and the second optical fiber 34 within the hollow core tube 30.
    [0031] Other modalities of the EFPI 21 sensor can be implemented using various combinations of the techniques presented above. For example, in one embodiment, only the end of one of the first optical fiber 33 or second optical fiber 34 can be narrowed. Similarly, only one of the first optical fiber 33 or second optical fiber 34 can be arranged in the first support tube 41 or the second support tube 42, respectively. In another embodiment, the first optical fiber 33 with a nip and / or the second optical fiber 34 with the nip can be arranged in the first support tube 41 and / or the second support tube 42, respectively.
    [0032] In the modalities presented above, the waveguides are optical fibers. An optical fiber can also be used to manufacture the hollow-core tube 30. In one embodiment, the hollow-core tube 30 has an outside diameter of about one micron. Consequently, when the outer diameter of the hollow core tube 30 is one micron, the optical fibers arranged inside the tube 30 will have smaller outside diameters than one micron taking into account the thickness of the tube wall 30.
    [0033] In one embodiment, the EFPI 21 sensor is manufactured as an electromechanical microsystem (MEMS) using techniques used to manufacture semiconductor devices. Exemplary modalities of these techniques include photolithography, recording, micro-handling. As a MEMS device, waveguides 33 and 34 and hollow core tube 30 can be produced from silicon with a non-limiting example.
    [0034] Figure 5 shows an example of a method 50 for estimating property in well 2 that penetrates soil 3. Method 50 asks (step 51) to use an EFPI 21 sensor. Additionally, method 50 asks (step 52 ) to transmit incoming light to the first optical waveguide 33. In addition, method 50 asks (step 53) to detect reflections of the incoming light. In addition, method 50 asks (step 54) to estimate the reflection property.
    [0035] In support of the teachings contained herein, several components of analysis can be used, including a digital and / or analog system. For example, optoelectronics such as the light source 23, the light detector 24, or the computer processing system 25 can include the digital and / or analog system. The system can have components such as a processor, storage media, memory, input, output, communication link (wired, wireless, pulsed fluids, optical or other), user interfaces, software programs, signal processors (digital or analog) and other components of the type (such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and others) to provide means for the operation and analysis of the apparatus and of the methods presented here in any of several ways well appreciated in the art. It is considered that these teachings can be, but need not be, implemented in conjunction with a set of computer-executable instructions stored on computer-readable media, including memory (ROMs, RAMs), optical (CD-ROMs), or magnetic ( disks, hard disks), or any other type that when executed causes a computer to implement the method of the present invention. These instructions may provide equipment operation, control, data collection and analysis and other functions considered relevant by a system designer, owner, user or any other employee, in addition to the functions described in this presentation.
    [0036] In addition, several other components can be included and ordered to provide aspects of the teachings contained herein. For example, a power source (for example, at least one from a generator, remote distribution and a battery), cooling component, heating component, driving force (such as a translational force, a driving force or a rotating force), magnet, electromagnet, sensor, electrode, transmitter, receiver, transmitter-receiver, antenna, controller, optical unit, optical connector, optical splice, optical lens, electrical unit, or electromechanical unit, can be included in support of the various aspects discussed here or in support of functions other than this presentation.
    [0037] Elements of the modalities have been introduced with the use of indefinite articles, one, one, one, one. The articles are intended to show that there is one or more of the elements. The terms "including" or "having" are intended to be inclusive so that there may be additional elements in addition to the elements listed. The conjunction "or" when used with a list of at least two terms, is intended to mean any term or combination of terms. The terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish elements and not to denote a particular order. The term "coupled" refers to two devices being directly coupled or indirectly coupled by means of one or more intermediate devices.
    [0038] It will be recognized that the various components or technologies may provide certain necessary or beneficial functionalities or resources. Consequently, these functions and features, as may be necessary in support of the appended claims and variations thereof, are recognized as being inherently included as a part of the teachings contained herein and a part of the invention presented.
    [0039] Although the invention has been described with reference to exemplary modalities, it will be understood that several changes can be made and equivalents can be used to replace elements of the same without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications will be appreciated to adapt a particular situation, material or instrument to the teachings of the invention without departing from its essential scope. Thus, it is intended that the invention is not limited to the particular modality presented as the best method contemplated for carrying out that invention, but that the invention will include all modalities that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [0001]
    1. Apparatus for estimating a property, the apparatus characterized by the fact that it comprises: a hollow-core tube (11) comprising a first opening (31) and a second opening (32); a first optical waveguide (33) disposed within the first opening (31); and a second optical waveguide (34) disposed within the second opening (32) and spaced at a distance from the first optical waveguide (33), the distance being related to the property; wherein a portion of at least one of the optical waveguides within the tube narrows and is isolated perimeter of the tube, where acid is used to produce the taper.
    [0002]
    2. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the apparatus is configured to be disposed in a well that penetrates the soil.
    [0003]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one of the first optical waveguide (33) and the second optical waveguide (34) comprises an optical fiber.
    [0004]
    4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer diameter of the hollow core tube (11) is about one micron.
    [0005]
    5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that an outer diameter of the optical fiber is less than one micron.
    [0006]
    6. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one of the optical waveguides inside the tube is insulated in perimeter of the tube in addition to a connection point with the tube.
    [0007]
    7. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one of the optical waveguides narrows linearly beyond the point of connection with the tube to an end face.
    [0008]
    8. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that an end face of one of the optical waveguides is aligned to be substantially parallel with an end face of the other optical waveguide.
    [0009]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a longitudinal geometric axis of the first optical waveguide (33) is substantially the same as the longitudinal geometric axis of the second optical waveguide (34).
    [0010]
    10. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the first optical waveguide (33) or the second optical waveguide (34) is coupled to optoelectronics, the optoelectronics being configured to transmit light signals and receive distance-related light reflection signals.
    [0011]
    11. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it still comprises a first hollow core support tube disposed within the first opening (31), in which the first optical waveguide (33) is disposed within the first hollow core support tube.
    [0012]
    Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a second hollow core support tube disposed within the second opening (32) in which the second optical waveguide (34) is disposed within the second hollow core support tube.
    [0013]
    13. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it further comprises a second hollow core support tube disposed within the second opening (32) in which the second optical waveguide (34) is disposed within the second hollow core support tube.
    [0014]
    14. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one of the optical waveguides is connected to the connection point by welding or epoxy or a combination thereof.
    [0015]
    15. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the first hollow-core tube and at least one of the optical waveguides are composed of glass and connected to a melting connection point.
    [0016]
    16. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one of the optical waveguides comprises an outer diameter within the hollow core tube (11) that is less than the outer diameter of at least one of the external optical waveguides in relation to the hollow core tube (11).
    [0017]
    17. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the property is at least one among pressure, temperature, tension, displacement, acceleration, or force.
    [0018]
    18. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the space between the first optical waveguide (33) and the second optical waveguide (34) is filled with at least one of a vacuum and a gas selected from a group consisting of air, nitrogen, and argon.
    [0019]
    19. Apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the apparatus is an electromechanical microsystem (MEMS).
    [0020]
    20. System for estimating a property, the system characterized by the fact that it comprises: a hollow-core tube (11) comprising a first opening (31) and a second opening (32); a first optical waveguide (33) disposed within the first opening (31); a second optical waveguide (34) disposed within the second opening (32) and spaced at a distance from the first optical fiber, the distance being related to the property, a portion of at least one of the optical waveguides within the tube if narrow and is insulated in a perimeter way from the tube, in which acid is used to produce the taper; a light source (23) in optical communication with the first optical waveguide (33) and configured to transmit an incoming light signal; and a light detector (24) in optical communication with the first optical waveguide (33) and configured to detect light reflections from an incoming light signal in which the light reflections are related to distance.
    [0021]
    21. System according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that it still comprises a waveguide disposed between the first optical waveguide (33) and at least one between the light source and the light detector and configured to communicate light signals.
    [0022]
    22. Method for estimating a property, the method characterized by the fact that it comprises: using a Fabry-Perot Extrinsic Interferometer sensor, the sensor comprising a hollow core tube (11) comprising a first opening (31) and a second opening (32 ); a first optical waveguide (33) disposed within the first opening (31); and a second optical waveguide (34) disposed within the second opening (32) and spaced at a distance from the first optical waveguide (33), the distance being related to the property, a portion of at least one among the guides of optical waves inside the tube narrow and are isolated perimeter of the tube, in which acid is used to produce the taper; transmitting incoming light to the first optical waveguide (33); detect reflections from the incoming light; and estimate the property of reflexes.
    [0023]
    23. Method, according to claim 22, characterized by the fact that the property is in a well that penetrates the soil and the method also comprises placing the sensor in the well.
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-01| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-07-14| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-10| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 23/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US29424010P| true| 2010-01-12|2010-01-12|
    US61/294,240|2010-01-12|
    PCT/US2010/062003|WO2011087875A2|2010-01-12|2010-12-23|Improved efpi sensor|
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